You may have TMD (Image: Getty)
If you’ve ever yawned or chewed and noticed your jaw clicking, you’re not alone. Although this is a common issue and usually nothing to worry about, it can sometimes justify a visit to your dentist or GP.
Known as temporomandibular disorder (TMD), the NHS explains that this condition affects the movement of the jaw. It is typically not serious and often settles on its own.
Even so, it’s important to keep an eye on your symptoms. If they persist or worsen, you may need to see your dentist, particularly if teeth grinding is a possible cause, or consult your GP for further advice.
What are the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder?
Symptoms of TMD include:
- Pain around your jaw, ear and temple
- Clicking, popping or grinding noises when you move your jaw
- A headache around your temples
- Difficulty opening your mouth fully
- Your jaw locking when you open your mouth
The discomfort can worsen when chewing or during periods of stress. TMD may also disrupt your ability to achieve a proper night’s rest.
What causes TMD?
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) can be caused by:
- teeth grinding
- wear and tear of the joint
- a blow to the head or face
- stress
- an uneven bite
Do I need to see a dentist about TMD?
If teeth grinding is causing problems, it may be worth arranging an assessment appointment. Although it doesn’t always have a clear cause, it is most commonly linked to stress and anxiety.
If you grind your teeth during sleep, you may be unaware of it, and this could be contributing to your TMD. Teeth grinding is also associated with sleep disturbances, such as snoring and sleep apnoea, as well as certain medications, including SSRIs. Lifestyle factors like smoking, high alcohol or caffeine intake, and recreational drug use can also play a role.
Teeth grinding is particularly common in children and teenagers, especially during sleep, and it often improves naturally as they grow older and their adult teeth come through.
Teeth grinding can happen while you’re awake or asleep. As well as grinding your teeth and clenching your jaw, other symptoms can include:
- face, neck and shoulder pain
- a painful jaw, which can lead to a condition called temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
- worn-down or broken teeth, which can cause increased sensitivity and loss of teeth and fillings
- headaches
- earache
- disturbed sleep
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How to ease TMD at home
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) usually gets better without treatment. But there are things you can do to ease the symptoms.
Take paracetamol or ibuprofen
hold an ice pack or heat pack wrapped in a tea towel to the jaw, whichever feels better
Massage the painful jaw muscles
try to find ways to relax
Do not bite food with your front teeth
Do not clench your teeth – apart from when eating, your teeth should be apart
Urgent GP appointment or 111
You should call 111 or ask for an urgent GP appointment if:
- You’re unable to eat or drink
- You have clicking, popping or grinding noises when you move your jaw
- You have difficulty opening your mouth fully, or your jaw is lockingYouu have pain around your jaw, ear or at the side of your head
- You have frequent, severe headaches
- You have pain or tenderness at the side of your head or on the scalp
- You have vision problems, such as double vision or loss of vision in one or both eyes
The NHS says: “These can be signs of a serious problem that needs urgent treatment. You can call 111 or get help from 111 online.”
How can a dentist or GP treat TMD?
Your GP may recommend stronger pain relief if needed. They can also offer guidance on relaxation techniques to help reduce stress, as well as advice on improving your sleep.
If teeth grinding is suspected, they may suggest seeing a dentist. You could also be referred to a psychologist if stress or anxiety is worsening your pain, or to a physiotherapist for advice on jaw exercises and massage techniques.
If a dentist is considered the most suitable specialist, they will likely recommend a mouth guard or splint. These devices are worn overnight to protect your teeth from damage and can be custom-made to fit comfortably over your upper or lower teeth.
If these approaches do not provide sufficient relief, you may be referred to a specialist in joint conditions to explore further treatment options, such as pain-relieving injections or surgery.
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